The
Grammar
Logs
# 244

QUESTION
Which is correct: Master of Ceremonies or Mistress of Ceremonies when referring to a female? Many thanks.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Temple, Texas Fri, Oct 30, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
Mistress of ceremonies is certainly correct, but it seems rather old-fashioned to me. I would prefer master of ceremonies -- but then I don't use actress anymore, either.

Authority for this note: WWWebster Dictionary, the World Wide Web edition of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Tenth Edition. Used with permission.


QUESTION
In the following sentence, what part of speech is the word 'spring'?
That store has a sale every spring.
I say noun because it names the specific time period. A friend says adverb because it tells when. Please answer even though it appears we both need a life! Thank you
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Carbondale, Pennsylvania Fri, Oct 30, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
My ESL-teaching friends advise me that "every spring" would fall into the category of words and phrases called "adverbs of frequency" (which would include often and never and seldom, but also phrases such as "every so often" and "more often than not" and "every other day" and "every spring" which consist of a determiner plus a noun). Weird, huh?

QUESTION
Use of commas and semi-colons in involved constructions
I have been to doctors in Columbus, Ohio; Las Vegas, Nevada; Anchorage, Alaska; Waco, Texas and three dozen more.
What is the punctuation between "Texas" and "and"? Semicolon or comma? Every place where this situation is dicussed the sentence conveniently ends at the end of the series.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
San Francisco, California Sat, Oct 31, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
Use the semicolon to set off the final item in a series like that -- for the sake of consistency, and so that the the last two items don't get merged into one unit.

QUESTION
I'm having trouble with "compliments." Could you please give me a description that I could readily identify them. Is there a certain rule or way to identify them?

Thank You

SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Yorba Linda, California Sat, Oct 31, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
I think you mean complements (with an "e" instead of an "i"): words -- nouns, pronouns, adjectives -- that are linked to the subject with a linking verb. I am tall. I am a student. This is he.

QUESTION
I am confused about direct objects. Would you please look at the following sentences and see if I have it correct?
Two salesmen distributed samples of their product.
Subject=salesmen
Verb=distributed
Direct object=product

Our strongest wrestler pulled a leg muscle.
Subject=wrestler
Verb=pulled
Direct object=muscle

We show great school spirit and pride at Lincoln Junior High.
Subject=We
Verb=show
Direct object=spirit and pride

That delivery boy always slams the screen door.
Subject=boy
Verb=slams
Direct object=door

Justin received some games and new clothes for his birthday.
Subject=Justin
Verb=received
Direct object=games and clothes
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Unknown Sat, Oct 31, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
By George, I believe you've got it!

An alert user from Killeen, Texas, writes that the correct answer, the direct object, for the first sentence should be samples, and that "of their product" is a prepositional phrase modifying that word.


QUESTION
Please tell me which is gramatically correct, and why, in the following sentence:
  • "He is responsible for meal preparation for 70-200 persons."
    or
  • "He is responsible for meal preparation for 70-200 people."
Thank you very much
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Oakland, California Sat, Oct 31, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
An odd coincidence: there is a brief article in Barbara Wallraff's "Word Court," on the last page of this month's Atlantic Monthly, about just this word choice. The gist of the article is that persons has always been the plural of person, but people seems to be taking over in references to countable numbers of individuals. I guess what that means is that you can take your choice. Just be consistent.

Authority: Atlantic Monthly Barbara Wallraff's "Word Court." November, 1998. p. 140.


QUESTION
Can you tell me how the word empathize differs from sympathize? I was always told that you cannot sympathize with another person, but you can empathize with them... can you please clarify this?
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
St. Louis, Missouri Sun, Nov 1, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
According to the online Merriam Webster's, there's not a lot of difference between these two words. I suggest you use that dictionary, look up both sympathize and empathize and then sympathy and empathy, and then judge for yourself. The definition of empathy, I think, suggests that empathize is usually the word we want when we talk about being in tune with another person's feelings: "the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner; also : the capacity for this." Sympathize, on the other hand, seems to have more to do extending empathetic feelings in times of grief or sadness.

Authority for this note: WWWebster Dictionary, the World Wide Web edition of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, Tenth Edition. Used with permission.


QUESTION
the worlds' greatest . . .How do you spell worlds as a possessive . . . I'm stumped
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Unknown Sun, Nov 1, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
I assume you're talking about one world here, right? Form the possessive by adding apostrophe -s: the world's greatest!

QUESTION
Is there a time that it is proper to use a lot as one word?
Ex. alot of apples
Thank you for your help.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Bartow, Florida Sun, Nov 1, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
No. Allot is one word -- as in "to give a share of something." But that's not what you asked.

QUESTION
What is the contraction of I did.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
West Olive, Michigan Sun, Nov 1, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
There isn't one. Since one reason we use did is to give emphasis to the verb, it isn't likely that anyone would want to slur over it with a contraction. There's a contraction for did not, of course, but not for did.

QUESTION
How do you write a critical essay?
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Somewhere, Zimbabwe Sun, Nov 1, 1998
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
In our section on Principles of Composition, the handout on "evaluative essays" could also be called "critical essays." Review that, and if you still have questions, please write again.

QUESTION
Dear Grammar,
I would be grateful if you would advise me of the following queries:
  • Should it be:
    1. The prices of the apple and the orange are the same. or
    2. The price of the apple and the orange is the same.
  • Should it be:
    1. The concentrations of solution A and solution B are kept constant. or
    2. The concentration of solution A and solution B is kept constant. or
    3. The concentration of solution A and solution B are kept constant.
  • When one says, "Stand up.", he means "You stand up." How about in the following case?
    "We have to cook the soup like this. Boil some water. Put some onions into the boiling water. Allow the water to boil for 20 minutes." In the above passage, the subject is "we" at the start. Then the subject is not mentioned for the verbs "Boil", "Put" and "Allow". So in these sentences, is it implied that "You boil some water. You put ........", or is it "We boil some water. We put..."? Another thing: is it all right to mention "we" at the start and leave out all the subjects in the rest of the procedure?

    I would be grateful for your expert advice.

  • SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
    Hong Kong Mon, Nov 2, 1998
    GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
    It sounds odd to say so, but (in #1) although the price is the same for both fruits, you're talking about two different prices -- one for the orange and one for the apple. I vote for the plural in that sentence.

    In #2, the answer will depend on whether the concentration is exactly the same in A and B. If it's the same, then I think you want the singular. (This seems, at first, to be a contradiction to what we said about the apple and orange, but I think this situation is somewhat different: we're focusing on the singularity of the concentration, not the solutions.

    In #3, strictly speaking, we've shifted pronoun reference. However, when giving directions this way, it is acceptable to shift from talking about how I or we do things to how you ought to do things. Usually the context allows for that shift. You don't want to jump back and forth, sentence to sentence, but some shifting is certainly acceptable. (No, the understood subject is still you; but it's OK.) If you were writing consistently about how we do things throughout an entire essay, you wouldn't want to wait until the last sentence, say, to bring in the understood you.


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