The
Grammar
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# 407

QUESTION
The past form of modals. The perfect form with modals. When can I make a distinction between a past reference and a present perfect meaning?
  • The letter might have arrived yesterday - past
  • I may have shown you this before - present perfect
But! present assumption about the pre-present or past.
He is/was late. He may have been delayed by the fog.
Are there situations when a sentence can refer to either the simple past or the present perfect in meaning and this meaning is taken from how one perceives the sentence?
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Malta Mon, Oct 16, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
All of the sentences given (above) are about present assumptions concerning past events. A present assumption concerning a present event uses the base form after the modal:
  • He's not here; he may be stuck in traffic.
  • She's in bed; she must feel sick again.

QUESTION
Should you use a subjective or objective pronoun following "to be"? In other words, which of these two examples is correct: "It's great to be me" or "It's great to be I"? I've heard that it's always correct to use objective pronouns fo llowing infinitives, but I'm wondering if this applies to linking verbs.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
New York, New York Mon, Oct 16, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
The fact that you're using the "to be" verb in your infinitive phrase doesn't matter. It would work the same as "It's hard to beat him." Use the object form, "me."

QUESTION
Is this a run-on?
We were three ladies with a little baby who had run out of gas and a man pulled up and gave us some gas so we could get home.
Thank you.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Anderson, North Carolina Mon, Oct 16, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
No, it's not a run-on. It is, however, a terrible sentence. The connection between the gasless baby and the man who has gas is vaporous, at best.

QUESTION
Which sentence is correct as far as possesion? Look at the phrase "the Soundtronics designers..."
  • ...has emerged as the partner of choice for such companies as ..., who are leaving it up to the Soundtronics designers and engineers to bring a concept to life.
    OR
  • ...has emerged as the partner of choice for such companies as ..., who are leaving it up to the Soundtronics' designers and engineers to bring a concept to life.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
San Jose, California Sun, Oct 22, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
With the word "the" included in "the Soundtronics designers," the word "Soundtronics" is simply attributive; it's not possessive. If you omit the word "the," it becomes possessive: "Soundtronics' designers and engineers have determined. . . ."

QUESTION
  • "We value respect by acknowledging all voices and ideas have merit."
  • "We value respect by being trustworthy and trusting others."
  • "We value respect by considerate, direct and honest communication."
What's wrong with these sentences? They just FEEL wrong. Thank you.
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Hillsborough, North Carolina Mon, Oct 23, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
In the first version, you definitely want a "that" before "all"; otherwise, "all voices" sounds like the object of the sentence and "ideas have merit" sounds like a very loosely connected independent clause. The basic problem with these sentences, however, goes beyond structure. I'm not sure what it means, "We value respect [by doing these things]." Is that the same as showing respect?

QUESTION
Is the sentence below correct? If not, how to correct it and still have it read as well as it does now?
"Women can, and indeed ARE, taking the lead in building a free society."
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Seattle, Washington Tue, Oct 24, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
That sentence has a serious problem in parallel form. If you take out the second element, "and indeed are," you're left with "Women can taking. . . ," which doesn't make any sense. You could try something like "Women can take — and indeed are taking — the lead in building a free society." I'd use the dashes to provide for a somewhat more emphatic break.

QUESTION
I was given this sentence on a copyediting test:
We considered that if MCHC is to live up to its name, it would be necessary to create either a new name derivation or a name change; we have elected to do neither, but have decided to devise a new index.
I made a new sentence beginning with "we" but the verbs in the first sentence ("MCHC is to.." and "it would be necessary") didn't seem right. I changed the "is" to "was" so the sentence read "if MCHC was to live up to its name, it would be..." but I think that probably wasn't correct. What should I have done?
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Willow Springs, Missouri Tue, Oct 24, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
The sentence gets off to a rather verbose start with "We considered that if. . . " You might consider tucking "we" into the sentence later on. The change to "was" doesn't really help; it's a matter of present exigency. Can you fix the two parts of your "either" choice: "it would be necessary either to create a new name derivation or to change the name of the ____"? (I have no idea what that means, by the way: "to create a new name derivation.")

QUESTION
What is the correct preposition to use with the word "differentiate"? Is it differentiate "among" or differentiate "between"?

For example,

Learning to differentiate (between/among) the commonly confused words presented . . .
SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Cincinnati, Ohio Wed, Oct 25, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
Some writers will contend that "between" should be used only when two choices are provided; beyond that, we need "among." Too much is made of that distinction and "between" would be perfectly fine in that sentence. You choose between this one and that one and that one and another one. So my answer is that "between" is fine and should please everyone and "among" would please everyone, including those who fuss about the putative difference..

QUESTION
How do you write a sentance using an objective pronoun with a objective necessary appositive? Please explain along with an example.

Thank You

SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
Hillcrest, New York Wed, Oct 25, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
I'm afraid I don't know what an "objective necessary appositive" is. If I had to guess, it would be something like "I'll never forget him, my best friend." But that appositive, "my best friend," is not really "necessary," is it?

QUESTION
In the following sentences, which is correct?
  1. "It was a pleasure for Ray Brown, Eddie Smith and I to have the opportunity to meet with you recently"
  2. "It was a pleasure for Ray Brown, Eddie Smith and me to have the opportunity to meet with you recently"
My boss uses "I" in the sentence but I think it should be "me". Would you please tell me which is correct.

Looking forward to your reply and thanks in advance for your help.

SOURCE OF QUESTION & DATE OF RESPONSE
London, England Thu, Oct 26, 2000
GRAMMAR'S RESPONSE
Tell your boss that he would write "It was a pleasure for me to have the opportunity. . . ," and that he shouldn't change the form of his pronoun just because Ray and Eddie got involved. You're right; we want "me." But you also want to keep your job, so be careful.

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